1) The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other objects embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity.

2) International relations encompass the study of relationships between nations, including diplomacy, treaties, and foreign policy. It examines the interactions and dynamics among different countries in the global arena.

3) The ocean covers about 71% of the Earth's surface and contains roughly 97% of the planet's water.

4) The FIFA Ballon d'Or is awarded annually to the best male football (soccer) player in the world, as voted by national team coaches, captains, and journalists.